A long-term study in southeastern Zambia, shows that sustained malaria control efforts can greatly reduce malaria cases and hospital admissions.

The research, published in PLOS ONE, tracked malaria trends in Luangwa District between 2009 and 2021, focusing on two key interventions: indoor residual spraying (IRS) and long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs). The district has maintained high coverage of LLINs and IRS for years.

Indoor spraying delivers the biggest gains
The study found that IRS using newer, non-pyrethroid insecticides was strongly linked to major declines in malaria. Reported malaria cases dropped by more than 80%, while severe infections requiring hospital admission fell by over 90%. Although LLIN use remained high, the study found they showed limited additional impact in the region, likely because coverage was already widespread.

The study included contributions from Dr. Samson Kiware, a senior scientist at Ifakara Health Institute, who worked with colleagues from Zambia and Ireland to analyze long-term trends and interpret the findings for malaria control in the region.

Why these findings matter
Malaria remains a leading cause of illness and death across Africa. This study shows that choosing effective insecticides and sustaining vector control efforts over time, combined with improved diagnosis and treatment, can save lives.

For Tanzania and other malaria-endemic countries, the findings offer practical lessons on how well-implemented interventions can strengthen malaria control and protect communities from this deadly disease.

Read the publication, here.